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21.
Roger Lee Mendoza 《Forum for Social Economics》2013,42(2):194-215
AbstractAmong the most controversial of public health measures are those that restrict people’s freedom of choice presumably for the purpose of protecting their own health and safety. Mandatory use of automobile seatbelts can inspire allusions to the “tyranny of health” and the ‘health police.” This study revisits state seatbelt legislation, which is in force in all but one state of the USA. In modeling seatbelt mandates as indefinitely repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) games, the study qualifies and overcomes the limitations of conventional interest group and expressive voting theories. It indicates why and how utility-maximizing players, particularly carmakers, insurance companies, consumer advocates and regulators, may choose to cooperate, even in instances where mutual defection would bring each of them higher payoffs. The study suggests why state seatbelt mandates endure, despite ongoing concerns that they undermine individual autonomy or that their social costs outweigh the benefits of law-enforcement. The evolution and mediating effects of reputation and reciprocity in otherwise highly contestable healthcare decisions are consequently explored. Finally, the study identifies the implications of indefinitely repeated games on the continuing nature of strategic relationships and for mitigating conflict over traffic safety regulation, regardless of time and place. 相似文献
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政府支出对我国农村居民消费的动态影响研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
运用Granger因果关系检验和可变参数模型对我国1986年-2006年的政府支出和农村居民消费数据进行实证分析.结果表明:从动态来看,1986年~1992年政府支出对农村居民的消费产生挤出效应,1993年~2006年政府支出对农村居民的消费产生引致效应;从结构上看,政府财政支出的各个构成部分除个别年份对农村居民的消费有挤出效应外,大部分时段都体现为挤入效应.在金融危机背景下,政府应实施积极的财政政策,加大对农村的财政支出力度,以扩大农村居民的消费需求,开拓农村市场,拉动国内消费需求. 相似文献
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矿业权价值评估参数值选取 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李书乐 《中国国土资源经济》1999,12(10):39-42
文章认为,正确选取参数值对矿业权价值评估合理与否意义重大。文章分析了影响矿业权价值评估因素特征,对如何科学、合理选取可靠的参数值进行较为详细地阐述。 相似文献
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企业价值网低碳共生演化的序参量控制机理研究——“后危机时代”工业发展模式转型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
每一次经济危机都会带来产业结构的大调整,并诱发工业发展模式的大转型。本文基于协同学的研究视角,选取了企业价值网作为研究对象,研究在后危机时代企业价值网实现低碳共生演化的序参量控制机理,进一步揭示企业价值网微观运行机理,为企业及政府在后危机时代实现企业价值网的低碳共生演化和低碳发展模式转型提供决策理论依据。 相似文献
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为了解决目前算法中线性调频-伪码(LFM- PRBC)信号参数估计计算量较大的问题,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法采用解线调与分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)进行参数的估计。首先对信号进行解线调估计出调频斜率的粗略值,然后由调频斜率确定旋转角,通过FRFT估计出码元宽度的粗略值。根据延时再进行解线调估计出调频斜率的精确值,再通过FRFT估计出码元宽度的精确值与起始频率。该算法不仅计算量较低,同时具有很高的估计精度与很强的抗噪性,仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。 相似文献
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《Journal of Comparative Economics》2021,49(3):693-714
Informal work is traditionally large in Russia and has further increased in the recent years. We explore the implications of this shift in terms of wage dynamics. Our characterization is based on the estimation of informal pay gaps at the mean and along the wage distribution, relying on the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 2003–2017. Our approach comprises three original features: we rely on unconditional quantile effects of informality, we incorporate quantile-specific fixed effects using a tractable approach, and we suggest a treatment of the incidental parameter bias. Over the whole period, informal wage penalties are relatively small and do not suggest heavily segmented labor markets, even at low wage levels. Yet, in the past decade, a substantial negative selection into informal employment and self-employment has taken place, on average and especially at low earnings. Economic downturns and labor market policies have likely contributed to the shakeout of less productive workers in the formal sector, making the low-tier informal sector more of a last resort. 相似文献
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Demetris Christodoulou 《Applied economics》2018,50(13):1413-1427
Empirical research relying on inputs from published company financial statements ignore the fact that the observed accounting data matrix has been purposefully designed to be rank deficient by means of articulation between stocks and flows. This inherent feature of the data-generating process suggests structural non-identification when both stocks and flows appear in the design matrix and a constraint is required to identify parameters. Much financial research has fallen into this ‘accounting identity trap’ and routinely employs implicit constraints to enable estimation, albeit without acknowledgement of the constraints hence the misleading inferences. This article elucidates the problem of parameter identification under stock-and-flow rank deficiency using existing applications on equity pricing. The focus is on the interpretation of slope coefficients that must be anchored on economically defensible parameter constraints. 相似文献